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1. Which of the following words is a long channel of water that is man made?

2. Companies often shift production to regions with lower labour costs in order to remain ____________ .

3. Read the following text to answer the question.

Drs B. Sellers and P. Manning from the University of Manchester have created a computer model which works with digitized dinosaur skeletons and the locations of known muscles. The model then randomly activates the muscles. This, perhaps unsurprisingly, almost always results in the animal falling flat on its face. So the computer alters the activation pattern and tries again. If there is any improvement, the old pattern is discarded and the new one is adopted as a base. Eventually, the muscle activation pattern evolves to a stable way of movement and the dinosaur can walk, run, chase or graze. Assuming natural selection evolves the best possible solution too, the modeled animal should move in a manner similar to its now-extinct counterpart. Indeed, using the same method for living animals, including humans, emu and ostriches, similar top speeds were achieved on the computer as in reality.

When the Sellers & Manning model was used for people, it showed them moving quicker than they are physically able to.

4. The launch was planned for 2003 _____________.

5. My research involves __________ some very complicated calculations.

6. Read the following text to answer the question.

A rope bridge connects the mainland with an outcrop of rock jutting out of the turbulent ocean. When it was first constructed, the bridge was merely a simple rope handrail with widely spaced slats and was mainly used by salmon fishermen who needed to travel from the island to the mainland. In time, it was replaced with a more sturdy caged bridge. However, it is still not a crossing for the faint-hearted. The bridge swings above a chasm of rushing, foaming water. Many visitors who make the walk one way find themselves unable to return and end up being taken off the island by boat.

The more sturdy cage added to rope bridge has helped to increase the number of visitors to the area.

7. Read the following text to answer the question.

There are a number of settlements across East Anglia with names containing the word ‘tye’. The word is Anglo-Saxon in origin, and the Oxford English Dictionary quotes the earliest usage of the term as dating from 832. Essentially a ‘tye’ was a green or a small area of open common land, usually situated away from the main village or settlement, often at the junction of two or more routes. Locals and passing travellers had the right to pasture their horses, pigs and other farm animals on the tye.

A tye was __________________

8. Read the following text to answer the question.

Even further to the east is the Giant’s Causeway stunning coastline with strangely symmetrical columns of dark basalt – a beautiful geological wonder. Samuel L. Johnson, an 18th century writer, famously once said of the Causeway that it was worth seeing, but not worth going to see. That was in the days of horses and carriages when travelling was difficult. But it is certainly well worth a visit. The last lingering moments of the twilight hours are the best time to savour the full power of the coastline’s magic; the time when the place comes into its own.

The writer believes that the Giant’s Causeway is worth going to visit.

9. As is usually the case with emigrants, __________ who went away were the most active and ambitious.

10. Listen to the following audio to answer the question.

Distance from airport to St Thomas:

11. "The enemy of my enemy is my friend." Which of the following terms does this sentence exemplify?

12. _________________________ we observed students in the lab on almost 100 separate occasions.

13. Listen to the following audio to answer the question.

The company has most camping sites in _________

14. Complete the sentence with the correct passive form of the verb "investigate". "The methods used in the research seem rather questionable and may need ________________ further."

15. Read the following text to answer the question.

Planning an eco-friendly holiday can be a minefield for the well-meaning traveller, says Mark Watson. If there were awards for tourism catchwords that have been hijacked, diluted and misused then ‘ecotourism’ would surely earn first prize. The term initially surfaced in the early 1980s reflecting a surge in environmental awareness and a realisation by tour operators that many of their clients wanted to believe their presence in a foreign land would not have a negative impact. It rapidly became the hottest marketing tag a holiday abroad could carry.

The term ‘ecotourism’ has become an advertising gimmick.

16. Listen to the following audio to answer the question.

What does the speaker say about older universities?

17. Listen to the following audio to answer the question.

Margaret suggests that managers may find it difficult to _________

18. Listen to the following audio to answer the question.

What time does the TGV train leave Paris?

19. Complete the sentence with the verb "risk" in the correct form. "If you spend too long getting ready you _____________ being late for the lecture."

20. The university is going to _________________ a coach from the airport to the conference venue.